What is tonkin campaign and can vuong movement?

Tonkin campaign was a series of military operations launched by the French army in the late 19th century to establish colonial domination over the region of Tonkin (northern Vietnam). The campaign began in 1883 and lasted for several years, resulting in the French conquest of Tonkin and the establishment of French Indochina.

The Can Vuong movement, on the other hand, was a resistance movement led by Vietnamese nationalist and royalist leaders against the French colonial rule in Vietnam. It was formed in late 1885 after the capture of Emperor Ham Nghi by the French. The movement aimed to overthrow the French colonial regime and to restore the Nguyen dynasty to power.

The Can Vuong movement gained support from local villagers, soldiers, and intellectuals who were opposed to the French presence in Vietnam. However, the movement lacked a strong centralized leadership and military organization, and many of the Can Vuong leaders were captured or killed by the French army. The movement eventually lost steam and was unsuccessful in achieving its goals. However, it paved the way for future nationalist movements in Vietnam, which would ultimately lead to the country's independence in 1954.